Geology

The Himalayas' massive heights result from a unique combination of geologic factors.

The mantle is split up into two domains — the African and the Pacific — that emerged when supercontinent Pangaea broke apart.

A new video shows how Earth's magnetic field weakened and warped before temporarily flipping during a recent "polar reversal event."

The rarity of precious gemstones comes down to the geologic process of their formation.

Carlsbad Caverns National Park in southeastern New Mexico is home to 119 known caves, including North America's largest cave chamber, the Big Room.

An odd phenomenon called lithospheric dripping might occur wherever mountains form.

Experiments show how concentrations of rare earth elements, critical to the green energy transition, might be hiding in plain sight in iron-rich deposits around the world.

Researchers created a seismic map of Earth's interior beneath the southeastern Pacific Ocean and discovered an ancient slab of oceanic crust that appears to be stuck midway through the mantle.

Scientists first described the flooded cave in 2016 but determined its extraordinary extent years later.

A new physical model suggests meltwater from thawing permafrost on Russia's Yamal Peninsula can unlock methane sources at depth, triggering explosions that open enormous craters at the surface.